TRIZ

Principle 1 Segmentation

• Divide an object into independent parts.
  
• Make an object easy to disassmble
  
• Increase the degree of fragmentation or segmentation.

Principle 2. Taking out

• Separat an interfering part or property from an object

Principle 3. Local quality

• Change an object's structure from uniform to non-uniform
  
• Make each part of an object function in conditions most suitable for its operation
  
• Make each part of an object fulfill a different and useful function.

Principle 4. Asymmetry

• Change the shape of an object from symmetrical to asymmetrical.
  
• If an object is asymmetrical, increase its degree of asymmetry.

Principle 5. Merging

• Bring closer together identical or similar objects, assembleidentical or similar parts to perform parallel operations.
  
• Make operations contiguous or parallel; bring them together in time.

Principle 6. Universality

• Make a part or object perform multiple functions; eliminate the need for other parts

Principle 7. Nested doll

• Place one object inside another; place each object, in turn, inside the other.
• Make one part pass throught a cavity in the other

Principle 8. Anti-weight

• To compensate for the weight of an object, merge it with other objects that provide lift.
• To compensate for the weight of an object, make it interact with the environment.

Principle 9. Preliminary anti-action

• If it will be necessary to do an action with both harmful and useful effects, this action should be replaced with anti-actions to control the harmful effects.
• Create beforehand stresses in an object that will oppose known undesirable working stress later on

Principle 10. Preliminary action

• Perform, before it is needed, the required change of an object.
• Pre-arrange objects such that they can come into action from the most convenient place and without losing time for their delivery.

Principle 11. Beforehand cushioning

• Prepare emergency means beforehand to compensate for the relatively low reliability of an object

Principle 12. Equipotentiality (Equal Potential Energy)

• In a potential field, limit position changes eliminate the need to raise or lower objects in a gravity field.

Principle 13. "The other way 'round'"

• Invert the action used to solve the problem.
• Make movable part fixed, and fixed parts movable.

Principle 14. spheroidality - Use Curvature

• Instead of using straight or flat parts, surfaces, or forms, use curved ones; move from flat surfaces to spherical ones; from cube-shaped to ball shaped to ball-shaped structures.
• Use rollers, balls, spirals, domes.
• Go from linear to rotary motion, use centrifugal forces.

Principle 15. Dynamics

• Allow or design the characteristics of an object, external environment or process to change to be optimal or to find an optimal operating condition.
• Divide an object into parts capable of movement relative to each other.
• If an object or process is rigid or inflexible, make it movable or adaptive.

Principle 16. Partial or excessive actions

• If 100 percent of an object is hard to achieve using a given solution method then, by using 'slightly less' or 'slightly more' of the same method, the problem may be considerably easier to solve.

Principle 17. Another dimension

• To move an object in two- or three-dimensional space.
• Use a multi-story arrangement of objects instead of a single-story arrangement.
• Tilt or re-orient the object, lay it on its side.
• Use 'another side' of a given area.

Principle 18. Mechanical vibration.

• Cause an object to oscillate or vibrate.
• Increase its frequency.
• Use an object's resonant frequency.
• Use piezoelectric vibrators instead of mechanical ones.
• Use combined ultrasonic andelectromagnetic field oscillations.

Principle 19 Peroidic action.

• Instead of continuous action, use periodic or pulsating actions.
• If an action is already periodic, change the periodic magnitude or frequency.
• Use pauses between impulses to perform a different action.

Principle 20 Continuity of useful action

• Carry on work continuously; make all parts of an object work at full load, all the time.
• Eliminate all idle or intermittent actions or work.

Principle 21. Skipping

• Conduct a process, or certain stages at high speed

Principle 22. Blessing in disguise or Turn lemons into Lemonade

• Use harmful factors to achieve a positive effects
• Eliminate the primary harmful action by adding it to another harmful action to resolve the problem.
• Amplify a harmful factor to such a degree that it is no longer harmful.

Principle 23. FeedBack

• Introduce feedback (referring back, cross-checking) to improve a process or action.
• If feedback is already used, change its magnitude or influence.

Principle 24. Intermediary

• Use an intermediary carrier article or intermediary process.
• Merge one object temporarily with another

Principle 25. Self-service

• Make an object serve itself by performing auxiliary helpful functions.
• Use waste resources, energy, or substances.

Principle 26. Copying

• Instead of an unavailable, expensive, fragile object, use simpler and inexpensive copies.
• Replace an object, or process with optical copies.
• If visible optical copies are already used, move to infrared or ultraviolet copies.

Principle 27. Use Cheap (sometimes short-living)Replacement Objects.

• Replace an expensive object with multiple inexpensive objects, compromising certain qualities.

Principle 28. Subsititution for mechanical means.

• Replace a mechanical means with sensory means.
• Use electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields to interact with the object.
• Chang from static to movable fields, from unstructured fields to those having structure.

Principle 29. Pneumatics and hydraulics

• Use gas and liquid parts of an object instead of solid parts (eg inflatable, filled with liquids, air cushion, hydrostatic, hydro-reative.

Principle 30. Flexible shells and thin films.

• Use flexible shells and thin films instead of three dimensional structures
• Isolate the object from the external environment using flexible shells and thin films.

Principle 31. Porous Materials.

• Make an object porous or add porous elements.
• If an object is already porous, use the pores to introduce a useful substance or function.

Principle 32. Color changes.

• Changes the color of an object or its external environment.
• Changes the transparency of an object or its external environment.

Principle 33. Homogeneity.

• Make interacting objects out of the same material (or material with identical properties).

Principle 34. discardign and recovering.

• Make portions of an objet that have fulfulled their functions go away (discard by dissolving, evaporating,etc)
• Conversely, restore consumable parts of an object directly in operation.

Principle 35. Parameter changes

• Change an object's physical state (solid/liquid/gas/plasma, sunsulator/conductor, normal conductor/superconductor, paramagnet/ferromagnet, etc.)
• change concentration or consistency.
• Change the degree of flexibility.
• change the Temperature.

Principle 36. Phase transitions.

• Use phenomena occurring during phase transitions (e.g. voume chagnes, loss or absorption of heat, etc)

Principle 37. Thermal expansion.

• Use thermal expansion (or contraction) of materials.
• If thermal expansion is being used, use multiple materials with different coefficients of thermal expansion.

Principle 38. Strong oxidants.

• Replace common air with oxygen-enriched air.
• Replace enriched air with pure oxygen.
• Expose air or oxygen to ionizing radiation.
• Use ionized oxygen.
• Replace ozonized oxygen with ozone.

Principle 39. Inert atmosphere.

• Replace a normal environment with an inert one.
• Add neutral parts, or inert additives to an object.

Principle 40. Composite materials.

• Change from uniform to composite materials.